November 22: Assassins
On 22 November 1963, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. He was riding in a motorcade with his wife Jacqueline, Texas Governor John Connally, and Conally’s wife Nellie. Governor Connally was wounded as was Jim Tague, a spectator who was hit in the cheek by a ricocheting bullet. Lee Harvey Oswald, the assassin, was himself assassinated by Jack Ruby.
Besides Kennedy, three other presidents have been assassinated: Abraham Lincoln (14 April 1865), James A. Garfield (2 July 1881), and William McKinley (6 September 1901).
On 30 January 1835, President Andrew Jackson was the target of an assassination attempt when Richard Lawrence fired two shots—from different pistols—at him; one from 13 feet and one at point blank range. Both pistols misfired and Jackson used his cane to beat Lawrence.
On 5 September 1975, Lynette “Squeaky” Fromme fired a pistol at President Gerald Ford. There were four bullets in the magazine of Fromme’s pistol, but the firing chamber was empty. A few weeks later, on September 22, Sarah Jane Moore fired a pistol at President Ford, but a bystander deflected the shot so that it missed Ford. On 30 March 1981, John Hinckley did not miss when he fired a shot President Ronald Reagan. Reagan was seriously injured but survived the attempted assassination.
On 15 February 1933, three weeks before he was to be inaugurated for his first term, five shots were fired at President elect Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Roosevelt was unhurt, but Chicago Mayor Anton Cermak was killed and three other people were wounded. Twenty one year’s earlier, former President and current Presidential candidate Teddy Roosevelt was shot while preparing to give a speech in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Because “it takes more than one bullet to bring down a Bull Moose,” Roosevelt insisted on giving his speech prior to be taken to the hospital.
In 1990, Stephen Sondheim and John Weidman in their musical Assassins dramatized “the unpopular thesis that the most notorious killers in our culture are as much a product of that culture as the famous leaders they attempt to murder” by focusing on the individuals who assassinated or attempted to assassinate a President of the United States. Before the end of the play, “each presidential assassin is made to confront the fact that his or her act of meaningless violence failed to bring about the desired results.”
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Photo Caption: Screen capture from Assassins: A Conversationpiece in which Sondheim and Weidman discuss their collaboration.
Editorial Note: At 8:30pm on 22 November 2012, this memorable moment was modified to include the information on President Ronald Reagan.
Although Today in History is primarily student written, there are some days when we do not have a student author. You will enjoy another student entry on November 25.
Another notable assassination attempt took place on 30 March 1981 when John Hinckley, Jr., tried to kill Ronald Reagan at the beginning of his presidency.