February 6: Treaty Signed
On 6 February 1778, France and the United States of America signed the Treaty of Alliance and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce in Paris, France. Stand-ins for King Louis XVI of France and some of the Second Continental Congress (Benjamin Franklin, Silas Deane, and Arthur Lee) represented the United States government. They signed the two treaties at the Hôtel de Crillon in Paris that February day.
The United States believed they would benefit militarily by allying themselves with a powerful nation, the American colonies formed an alliance with France against Great Britain. The Treaty of Alliance was the first military treaty of the new nation and formed in the midst of the American Revolutionary War. The treaty stated that the United States would provide a defensive alliance to help France in case England attacked. Neither France nor the United States would make peace with England until the independence of the United States was recognized.
The Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the U.S. and France recognized the United States as an independent nation. The treaty also encouraged trade and commercial ties between France and the United States. Free trade would reign between the nations. France and the U.S. both agreed to help one another’s ships in times of peace and war, and to refuse aid to the other enemies.
The successful negotiation of these treaties basically helped lead the United States to their independence, but it also set the stage for international complications. France was back in war with England in the 1790s and the U.S. was still bound under the treaties to help defend France against England. However, helping defend France was not in the best interest of the struggling new nation. So, the Americans ignored the treaty of alliance signed in 1778. The French were furious with the ill will Americans so they began to take action against American shipping on the high seas.
–Sarah Lloyd
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Sarah Lloyd is a student at Schoolcraft College.
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