On 15 June 1215, King John sat down with his nobles and signed the Magna Carta.

What is the Magna Carta you ask? The Magna Carta is a document that King John of England (1166 – 1216) was forced into signing by his nobles because it reduced the power of king and created the great parliament. The Magna Carta was a collection of 37 laws; some laws that existed before William the Conqueror brought on the Norman invasion against Harold of Saxony in 1066, and some laws that were new.

In the feudal age, the barons of the king held their lands and provided an oath to him of loyalty and obedience. They also provided him with a fixed number of troops whenever they were needed for military service. Early on, the barons provided the knights by dividing their estates up into smaller pieces described as Knights fees, which were given to knights. By the late 1100s, knights and armies were given cash instead of land, because it was more convenient.

King John did not want to abide to the Magna Carta. His lack of abidance led to the Baron’s War between 1215-1217. Instead of supporting the King of England, they supported Prince Louis instead. In 1216, Louis invaded England and marched down to London where he received support and was proclaimed the King of England. In October of that year Prince Louis died of natural causes. After that, the barons then turned on the prince of France and then, after King John’s death, supported King Henry III of England.
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The Magna Carta was significant in American history as well because it was the foundation of the bill of rights.

–Matthew Joseph

Photo Credit: Image of King John signing the Magna Carta from Cassell’s History of England – Century Edition (1901).

Updated at 10:40am on 15 June 2013 to correct an error in the text.