On 5 December 1933, the 21^st Amendment to the U.S Constitution was ratified, repealing the 18^th Amendment and ending Prohibition. Manufacturing, sales, and possession of alcoholic beverages were no longer illegal. Bars, restaurants, etc. were again permitted the sale of beer and wine.

The movement for the prohibition of alcohol began in the early 19^th century when Americans became concerned about the adverse effects of drinking and began forming temperance societies. The American Temperance Society (ATS), 1826, helped to advance the temperance movement and consequently served as a foundation for many later groups. By 1835, the ATS had reached 1.5 million members, with women constituting 35-60% of individual chapters.

In December 1917, the 18^th Amendment, prohibiting “the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors for beverage purposes,” was passed by Congress and sent to the states for ratification. On 29 January1919, the 18^th Amendment achieved the necessary three-fourths majority of state ratification. Prohibition really began in June 1919, but the amendment did not officially go into effect until January 29, 1920.

During this process, Congressed passed the Volstead Act on 28 October 1919, over President Woodrow’s veto. The Volstead Act provided for the enforcement of prohibition. Many advocates of prohibition believed that it would be a cure-all for society’s problems, but it had the opposite effect. During the first few months, federal agents and police officers tried but did very little to slow the bootleggers from selling alcohol. In many areas, Americans ignored prohibition laws, drinking alcohol at secret bars and clubs known as “speakeasies.” Big time bootleggers like Al Capone of Chicago built criminal empires out of illegal distribution, causing federal and state governments to lose billions in tax revenue.

By the end of the 1920s, even many prohibition advocates realized that prohibition had failed and advocated for its repeal.
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I’m a freshman at Schoolcraft College going into Marketing and Management. I am looking to transfer to Michigan State University in the fall of 2014. I love sports. I hope to eventually take a job as a sports analysis or sports agent. My favorite sport is by far basketball; then football.