On 11 February 1778, Voltaire was welcomed home after a 28 year exile from France; his longest of numerous exiles. Voltaire, or Francois-Marie Arouet, was a French philosopher, playwright and writer during the enlightenment era. His philosophies led to his numerous exiles from France, mainly to England which heavily influenced his views on law and politics.

His philosophy was based on both skepticism and rationalism as he attacked the traditional workings of the society he lived in and questioning the authority of absolute monarchies. He attacked the established ways of Christianity and the sacred mysteries which gave clergy and nobles their power.

One of his most notable works was the first attempt at writing a history of the world as a whole, excluding religious and political views and instead focusing on political, economic and cultural matters. The “Essai sur l’histoire générale et sur les mœurs et l’esprit des nations” can be seen as one of the greatest contributions to the field of history for the time.

Voltaire argued for his hedonistic values that can be seen in our very own constitution as our right to “the pursuit of happiness”. This hedonism that Voltaire so strived for can be seen in the everyday life of most modern societies as people can generally do as they wish and live out their lives with the freedom to pursue their dreams unhindered by theocratic and totalitarian law.

Voltaire was a major impact in the enlightenment era and his philosophical workings still affect us today.

–Ian Bollman
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Photo Caption: Detail of Portrait of Voltaire by Maurice Quentin de La Tour.

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