On 9 August 1944, the United States Forest Service and the Wartime Advertising Council released posters featuring the advertising mascot Smokey the Bear. His original slogan, “Smokey Says – Care Will Prevent 9 out of 10 Forest Fires” was created by the Advertising Council during WWII to educate Americans on the dangers of wildfires and create environmental awareness. Smokey Bear has become a widely recognized symbol and household name for the preservation of American forestlands.

It is estimated that at the beginning of European settlement in 1630 the area of forestland that would become the United States was 46 percent of the total land area. Just over a hundred years before Smokey Bear was created the United States signed the Webster-Ashburton Treaty on August 9^th, 1842. The signing of this treaty by United States Secretary of State Daniel Webster and British Diplomat Alexander Baring, 1^st Baron Ashburton resolved several border issues between the United States and the British ruled Canadian colonies. Both countries would acquire much forestland and water routes as a result of the treaty.

The Webster-Ashburton Treaty solved many disputes. It concluded the ending of the Aroostook War, a non-violent controversy between lumberjacks over the ambiguity of the Maine-New Brunswick border. The treaty also installed open navigation for both nations throughout several bodies of water in North America.

In the western Great Lakes region the border between Lake Superior and the Lake of the Woods needed updating since being defined by the Treaty of Paris in 1783. The border was reaffirmed to the location at the 49th parallel in the westward frontier up to the Rocky Mountain Range. The United States acquired about 7,015 square miles of disputed territory while Britain gained 5,012 square miles from the Webster-Ashburton Treaty.

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With much new land acquired, America was forced to deal with new responsibilities maintaining forestlands and wildlife. The creation of the US Forest Service was an effort later put into action by Theodore Roosevelt during his presidency at the turn of the century.

–Scott Mattler

Photo Caption: First Smokey the Bear poster