François Gérard’s portrait of King Jerome Bonaparte

On 20 October 1813, the Germanic Vassal state of Westphalia was officially dissolved and Jerome Bonaparte, its first and only king, went into exile until he is allowed to return to France in 1847 CE.

The Kingdom of Westphalia was created after the 1806 Treaty of Paris. The treaty formally dissolved the Holy Roman Empire and created a 16 state confederation from its remains under the protection of Napoleon I of France. Westphalia and other members of the confederation were abolished a few years before Napoleon’s fall from power.

Oddly enough Napoleon Bonaparte shows similarities with the Ancient Gaulish chieftain Vercingetorix namely it only took one battle to destroy their ambitions. Napoleon’s Defeat at Waterloo and Vercingetorix’s at Alesia.

In 52 BCE Caesar laid siege to the City of Alesia where Vercingetorix had been planning on making his winter quarters. After observing the city’s walls, Caesar decided on an all-out attack to be too risky so he opted to build large walls and ditches surrounding the area around Alesia. He hoped to cage the Gauls in and starve them into submission.
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Vercingetorix’s original solution to this plan was to send out his cavalry to harass the Romans as they built the wall to cause them to run out of time before winter came. However half way through the plan, he decided instead to send out his cavalry to gather allies to relieve them. Without the cavalry, the walls and ditch were finished and the help that did arrive failed to break the siege. In the end, Vercingetorix surrendered and was carted off to Rome. He was executed in a Roman prison in 46 BCE.

–Stephen Lawton

Meet the Author

I am a student at Schoolcraft College interested in the ancient Celts and modern history. I live in Farmington, Michigan.