September 2: Carry a Big Stick
On 2 September 1901, Vice-President Theodore Roosevelt gave a speech at the Minnesota State Fair in which he publicly stated his diplomatic philosophy that American should “Speak softly and carry a big stick;” a philosophy he attributed as an African proverb. Less than two weeks later, on September 14, William McKinley died from wounds suffered in a September 6 assassination attempt and Roosevelt became the 26th President of the United States of America.
In terms of foreign policy, Roosevelt is most known for co-forming the Rough Rider Regiment during the Spanish American War in which he served as a lieutenant colonel in Cuba and for building the Panama Canal. However, he also won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts as a mediator during the Russo-Japanese War.
In terms of domestic policy, Roosevelt was celebrated and criticized as a trust buster as he aggressively used the Sherman Anti-Trust Act to break up monopolies. He was also an avid conservationist for whom we can credit for America’s national parks system. To decide that vast amounts of land should be owned and enjoyed by the people of a country and not by individuals was revolutionary.
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Although the national parks were celebrated by Ken Burns in his extraordinary documentary The National Parks: America’s Best Idea, one of the first people to visually celebrate the national park system was Ansel Adams. Adams was an American photographer who is best known for his large black and white images; especially those from Yosemite National Park; a park that covers 761,268 acres in the Sierra Nevada mountain range in California.
–Steven L. Berg, PhD
Photo caption: Contemporaneous image of Teddy Roosevelt with his big stick. (top) Ansel Adam’s “Moon Rising and Half Dome” taken in Yosemite National Park. (bottom)
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Roosevelt was appointed as Assistant Secretary of the Navy in 1897, one year before the Spanish-American war broke out. He truly lived by the statement “Speak softly and carry a big stick.” He didn’t want to be behind a desk making decisions during wartime so he rounded up volunteers to form the First U.S. Volunteer Calvary Regiment.
He had cowboy volunteers from the western territories along with Ivy League friends who became known as the “Rough Riders.” Roosevelt’s volunteers fought valiantly and are best known for making dual charges up Kettle Hill and San Juan Hill in Cuba.