On 13 October 1843, B’nai B’rith was founded in New York City. In Hebrew, the organization is written as בני ברית which translates to “Sons of the Covenant.”

B’nai B’rith was founded by twelve German-Jewish immigrants when they met at Sinsheimer’s Café. According to a history published by B’nai B’rith, “The original members’ first concrete action was creating an insurance policy that awarded members’ widows $30 toward funeral expenses, and a stipend of one dollar a week for the rest of their lives. Each child would also receive a stipend and, for male children, assurance he would be taught a trade.”

Today, B’nai B’rith is active in over 50 countries and operates the following centers:

• The Center for Human Rights and Public Policy
• The Center for Senior Services
• The Center for Jewish Culture
• World Center in Jerusalem

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Thirty eight years after the founding of B’nai B’rith, there was a revival of Hebrew when Eliezer Ben-Yehuda (אליעזר בן־יהודה) and two friends held a conversation in Hebrew on 13 October 1881. Born in Russia, Ben-Yehuda was living in Paris at the time. He was en route to Palestine where he would settle for the rest of his life. This conversation was significant because spoken Hebrew was almost extinct. As Jack Fellman explains, Ben-Yehuda’s move was prompted by his belief that “The Jews must return to their land and begin anew to speak their own language.”

One of the problems in reviving Hebrew, according to Michael Omer-man, was “Having been relegated to the written language of religious texts for so many centuries, Hebrew lacked many of the modern words necessary for mundane and simple conversation.” Ben-Yehuda helped solve this problem by coining new words as he raised his first born son in a Hebrew only household.

–Steven L. Berg, PhD

Photo Caption: Sinsheimer’s Café on New York’s Lower East Side. (top) Eliezer Ben-Yehuda. (bottom)

Although Today in History is primarily student written, there are some days when we do not have a student author. You will enjoy another student entry tomorrow.